What is HPV?
Genital papillomavirus infection is a sexual infection (IPP).The agent of papillomavirus infection is a human papilloma virus (HPV).The human papilloma virus is a group of viruses, which include about 100 different types.More than 30 HPV types are sexually transmitted, genitals and women and men are infected.
Most infected people do not know about their illness, have no clinical manifestations and, moreover, spontaneously recover.
Some of these viruses are called "high carcinogenic risk viruses", they can cause genital wounds.This new study has confirmed the key role of HPV in the development of cervical cancer.High risk of HPV also plays a role in the incidence of vulva cancer, vagina in women and penis cancer in men.High-risk viruses include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 68, 69 HPV types are responsible for 95-98% of cervical cancer cases.They cause abnormal cells, which are usually flat and almost invisible during normal examination compared to benign warts, which are caused by low risk viruses - 6, 11 types.Benign anogenital warts appear 2 to 6 months after infection.About the development of precancerous changes or cancers related to high risk transportation of HPV, years -years will be years and often spontaneous antidote to HPV.
This infection is most common at the age of 15 to 40 and affects the same women and men.By 50 years of life, about 80 percent of women will have HPV infections.
About 50-75% of active sexual people are infected with HPV during their lives, and in most cases the infection does not cause disease and spontaneously heal.
About 90% of HIV-infected people also have HPV infections.
How HPV is transmitted
Human papillomas infection is spread through sexual relations.Most infected with no manifestations of the disease and therefore HPV carriers do not know about their infection and can infect their sexual partners.Sometimes an infected mother can infect newborns during childbirth.This can lead to papillomatosis formed from the newborn's larynx.
Manifestations of infection
Most infected people do not know about it.HPV often does not cause manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes.Some people develop sexual warts or precancerous changes occur in the cervix, vulva, anal or penis region.Very rarely, these changes continue to be cancer.From infection to severe development of displacement, on average, 20 years pass.Most women spontaneously recover for 9 to 15 months from the time of infection.The main manifestations of papillomavirus infections are sharp sexual warts or condylomas (VPV 6 and 11 caused) - soft formation of short thin feet, resembling colored cabbage or chicken tops with different locations (penis head, penis, lips, vagina, neck, alius).Sharp condylomas appear 2 to 6 months after infection.Condylomas that appear to be detected during the examination.
Diagnosis of infection
Condyl diagnostics are performed based on examination.Diagnostic high risk of HPV camphogene and related changes, more difficult tasks.The diagnosis of cervical precancerous disease is based on the cytological analysis of smear (smear study under a microscope).However, it has some significant drawbacks - complexity, low sensitivity and high frequency of vague yield.The FDA American Committee (Committee on Food and Food) approved the HPV study by the polymerase - PCR chain response method, which could determine 13 types of HPV high risk.PCR for HPV has high sensitivity, easy to implement.Joint use of cytological studies and PCR tests can increase the effectiveness of diagnosis, increasing sensitivity to 99 - 100%.It is important that high risk identification of HPV occurs far before the appearance of premature changes in the mucous membrane.
PCR research on HPV High -Risk HPV is recommended:
- - As a major method, in addition to cytology for women over 30 years.
- - To complete dubious cytological research results.
- - Patients undergo treatment for displacement or cancer.
- - In the first stage of diagnostics for countries where the Papillomavirus infection program is less organized.
- - for male examination.
Is it possible to cure the disease?
Diagnosis and treatment of STIs should be carried out in specific clinics - CVDs, which have all the methods needed for quick and accurate diagnosis.
There are no specific remedies for HPV today.There are many methods of condyl removal, but the disease can return again, as the virus remains in the human body.Delivery is possible in 25% of cases for 3 months after treatment.In condyl treatment, sexual partner examination is required.However, most sexual partners are infected with HPV and simply have no manifestation of the disease.
Precancerous disease treatment is the use of chemical, physical and other methods, to change the structure of the affected area of the mucous membrane, as well as the use of drugs that stimulate immunity.In the future, annual cytological studies and HPV determination are required by PCR.
What is the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer?
Only facts:
- High -risk papillomas virus is the leading cause of cervical cancer.
- In the case of severe displacement (precancer) and cervical cancer, HPV is detected in almost 100% of cases.
- HPV identification is associated with an increase of 250 times the risk of severe displacement.
- Cervical cancer takes first place among the causes of women's death in developing countries.
- Cervical cancer takes 2nd place after breast cancer among women in the world-25 thousand deaths each year.
- In Russia, every 12,300 women get cervical cancer and more than 6 thousand patients die each year.
- Over the past 10 years, the average age of the sick has dropped from 58 to 55 years.
- In women under 29, the incident has increased twice.
- High risk of HPV is caused by cervical cancer in 100% cases, anus cancer is 90%, vaginal and vulva cancer - 40%, penis cancer - 40% and oropharynx cancer in 12% of cases.
- The American Cancer Association is predicted for 2004, about 10,520 women will develop aggressive cervical cancer and about 3,900 women will die from the disease.Most women with aggressive cervical cancer do not undergo proper examination for HPV infection.
Prevention of infection
The best way to prevent sexual HPV infection is to withstand any sexual relationship with other individuals.
Long sexual relations with sexual partners do not guarantee 100% of HPV infections.It is difficult to determine without special tests, whether the sexual partner is now infected.
Male condoms from latex, with proper use, reduce the risk of infection.
Any manifestation, such as pain or unpleasant sensations when urinating, unusual rash, release is a signal for stopping sexual intercourse and immediate examination at a specialized clinic.If the patient has been found by STI, he must inform his sexual partner so that they can also undergo complete examination and appropriate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of germs.